ELLA SHEPPARD (MOORE) (1851-1914)
Ella Sheppard
was born on February 4, 1851, in Nashville, Tennessee. Her father Simon
Sheppard hired his time from his master and worked hard to accumulate $1,800
to buy his freedom. Ella's mother, Sarah Hannah Sheppard, was not as fortunate.
Her mistress promised Simon that he could buy Sarah, but the slaveowner
refused to honor the agreement. Determined that Ella would not remain a
slave, Sarah made a threat to "take Ella and jump into the river than
see her a slave." Fearing the loss of mother and child, the slave
mistress sold Ella to Simon Sheppard for $350.
Ella remained in Nashville with her father when the mother was taken
to Mississippi. Simon married another slave woman and gave $1,300 for her freedom. A race
riot hit Nashville in 1856, causing whites to tighten the controls on local
free Negroes. When his business debts piled up and could not be paid, Simon
fled to Cincinnati, Ohio, to prevent his family from being seized as assets
and sold as slaves. Ella Sheppard attended a colored school and studied
music in Cincinnati. Ella demonstrated such exceptional musical talent
that her father bought a piano and paid for private music lessons.
Simon Sheppard died in 1866. His bills were paid, leaving Ella and her
stepmother penniless. To help support the family, young Ella played the
piano at local functions. A prominent local piano teacher agreed to help
Ella continue her musical education. She became this man's only black pupil,
and Ella had to keep the lessons a secret by entering the school through
the back door between nine and ten o'clock at night.
Ella Sheppard returned to Tennessee. In l868, she accepted a teaching
position at Gallatin, north of Nashville. The poor Negro students paid
tuition so seldom that she saved only six dollars after five months of
work. Ella took this six dollars from her "pie box" (trunk) and
entered Fisk University, where her six dollars lasted three weeks. By teaching
music in Nashville, she earned enough money to continue in school for two
years. Ella became the music teacher at Fisk University--the only black
staff member at the school before 1875.
Again, good fortune smiled on Ella Sheppard. To relieve the school's
serious financial deficiency, Fisk's treasurer, George L. White, organized
a group of students to sing for money. The first excursions became so promising
that Erastus M. Cravath reluctantly gave White permission to form a group
and go on national tour. Cravath was field secretary for the American Missionary
Association, Fisk's founding and funding agency, and he was White's brother-in-law.
Ella Sheppard became one of nine singers selected by White to form the
group of singers. She served as pianist and assistant trainer. Principal
Spence became so upset about losing his only music teacher that he asked
Cravath to hire another black teacher to serve during Ella's absence "lest
the students rebel."
On October 6, 1871, the group went on tour. The first tour netted $20,000
to pay for the site of a new campus at Salem (Eighteenth Avenue, North)
and Jefferson Street. As majestic Jubilee Hall slowly rose on the site
and the school needed more funds, the Jubilee Fund often became the only
source of money for the school. So the singers had to extend their concert
tours. In seven years, the Jubilee Singers raised $150,000 in America and
Europe. Ella Sheppard served as the backbone and trainer for the group.
In 1882, Ella Sheppard married George W. Moore. She spent many years
helping George in his work with the American Missionary Association, lecturing
throughout the South, and organizing Jubilee choirs. Eventually, she located
her mother and a sister in Mississippi and brought them to Nashville.
Ella Sheppard died on June 9, 1914. She was interred in Nashville's
Old City Cemetery.
Beth Howse